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Varanasi the city of lights
Varanasi, the dream of millions and millions of Hindus living in India and around the world, is a holy and sacred city. Every Hindu wants to visit this city at least once in their lifetime with the purpose of attaining Moksha.
Moksha is liberation or salvation. Hindus seek to break free from the cycle of birth and rebirth, believing that life on Earth is full of suffering and illusions. Moksha provides permanent detachment of the soul and spirit from this worldly cycle. Varanasi is considered Avimukta, meaning it grants Moksha.
The Ganga, the divine and heavenly river flowing through the city, is believed to wash away sins and enable Moksha. It is not just a river; it is a Goddess and a Mother to Hindus, lovingly called Ganga Maiyya (Mother Ganga). Hindus believe that the Ganga descended from heaven to Earth carrying holy water with divine powers.
Varanasi is also known as Kashi, its religious name. Kashi means “The City of Light,” signifying the eternal radiance of knowledge, wisdom, and spirituality.
The Significance of Varanasi
Varanasi is not just a city; it is the embodiment of spiritual consciousness, culture, and civilization. It is one of the oldest living cities in the world, with a history dating back over 3,000 years. Revered by Hindus, Buddhists, and Jains, Varanasi is home to countless temples, ashrams, and ghats, where devotees perform sacred rituals daily.
The city is also a major center for learning and philosophy. It has been a hub for scholars, poets, saints, and artists for centuries. Varanasi has preserved ancient traditions, including music, dance, and Sanskrit studies. The world-renowned Banaras Hindu University (BHU) continues to be a leading institution of education and research.
Apart from its religious and academic significance, Varanasi is famous for its unique Banarasi silk sarees, exquisite handicrafts, and rich culinary heritage. The narrow lanes of the city bustle with life, offering a glimpse into a culture deeply rooted in tradition yet vibrant and ever-evolving.
The Ghats of Varanasi
Varanasi is renowned for its ghats, the riverfront steps that lead to the sacred Ganga. There are nearly 100 ghats, each with its own historical and spiritual significance. Some of the most famous ghats include:
Dashashwamedh Ghat – The most popular ghat, known for its Ganga Aarti, a mesmerizing ritual performed every evening with lamps, chants, and music.
Manikarnika Ghat – The main cremation ghat where bodies are burned as part of Hindu funeral rites, symbolizing the cycle of life and death.
Assi Ghat – A peaceful and spiritual ghat, frequented by saints, yogis, and travelers for meditation and yoga.
Harishchandra Ghat – Another cremation ghat with deep religious significance, linked to the legendary King Harishchandra.
Panchganga Ghat – A historic site where five sacred rivers are believed to meet.
Each ghat has its own story, contributing to the mystical charm of Varanasi. Pilgrims take ritual baths in the Ganga, believing it purifies their sins and brings spiritual awakening.
Temples of Varanasi
Varanasi is home to some of the most revered temples in India. Some of the must-visit temples include:
Kashi Vishwanath Temple – Dedicated to Lord Shiva, this temple is the spiritual heart of Varanasi. The Jyotirlinga here is considered one of the holiest in India.
Dedicated to Lord Shiva, this temple is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas in India.
The temple has a rich history and has been rebuilt several times, with the latest reconstruction by Ahilyabai Holkar in the 18th century.
Devotees believe that visiting this temple and offering prayers can grant moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth and death).
Sankat Mochan Hanuman Temple – A temple dedicated to Lord Hanuman, known for its peaceful atmosphere and thousands of devotees who seek blessings.
Dedicated to Lord Shiva, this temple is one of the twelve Jyotirlingas in India.
The temple has a rich history and has been rebuilt several times, with the latest reconstruction by Ahilyabai Holkar in the 18th century.
Devotees believe that visiting this temple and offering prayers can grant moksha (liberation from the cycle of birth and death).
Durga Temple – A striking red-colored temple devoted to Goddess Durga, often associated with legends of divine power.
This striking red temple is dedicated to Goddess Durga, the warrior form of Parvati.
The temple is known for its unique Nagara-style architecture and is surrounded by a sacred pond called Durga Kund.
The large population of monkeys in and around the temple gives it the nickname “Monkey Temple.”
Bharat Mata Temple – A unique temple dedicated to Mother India, featuring a relief map of the country carved in marble.
A unique temple that does not worship any deity but instead has a huge marble relief map of India, symbolizing unity and patriotism.
It was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1936 and represents Bharat Mata (Mother India).
Kal Bhairav Temple – One of the oldest temples in Varanasi, dedicated to Kal Bhairav, the fierce form of Lord Shiva.
Lord Kal Bhairav, a fierce form of Shiva, is believed to be the guardian deity of Varanasi.
Devotees believe that visiting this temple protects them from negative energies and grants spiritual power.
Offering mustard oil and black thread to Lord Bhairav is a common ritual here.
These temples attract millions of pilgrims and travelers who come seeking divine blessings and enlightenment.
The Spiritual and Cultural Essence of Varanasi
Varanasi is the beating heart of Hindu spirituality. Every corner of the city resonates with the sounds of temple bells, Vedic chants, and devotional songs. The essence of Sanatan Dharma (eternal truth) is deeply rooted in the city’s culture, making it a pilgrimage site for millions of devotees.
Apart from Hinduism, Varanasi has played a significant role in Buddhism and Jainism. Gautama Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath, just a few kilometers from Varanasi, marking the beginning of Buddhism. Jainism also has strong connections to the city, as it is believed to be the birthplace of the 23rd Tirthankara, Lord Parshvanath.
The city is also famous for its Gurus, Saints, and Mystics, who have lived and meditated here, passing on sacred knowledge and wisdom. Many great poets and philosophers, such as Tulsidas, Kabir, and Ravidas, have contributed to the city’s spiritual and literary heritage.
Festivals Celebrated in Varanasi
Varanasi comes alive with grand festivals and celebrations throughout the year. Some of the most important festivals include:
Dev Deepawali – Celebrated 15 days after Diwali, the ghats are illuminated with thousands of diyas (lamps), creating a breathtaking sight.
Mahashivaratri – A massive festival dedicated to Lord Shiva, where devotees observe fasts and participate in grand processions.
Ganga Mahotsav – A cultural festival featuring classical music, dance performances, and water sports.
Makar Sankranti – Celebrated with great enthusiasm, including kite flying, religious dips in the Ganga, and traditional feasts.
Ramlila – A dramatic re-enactment of the Ramayana, performed at various locations in Varanasi, especially at Ramnagar Fort.
Nag Nathaiya – A unique festival where actors enact Lord Krishna’s legendary taming of Kaliya Naag in the Yamuna River.
Music, Art, and Culture of Varanasi
Varanasi is not just a city of temples and ghats; it is also a major cultural and artistic hub. It has been home to legendary musicians, poets, and artists who have shaped Indian classical music and dance.
Banaras Gharana – One of the most prominent schools of Indian classical music, known for its unique style of singing and instrumental performances.
Ravi Shankar – The world-famous sitar maestro, who introduced Indian classical music to the global stage, hailed from Varanasi.
Bismillah Khan – The legendary shehnai player, who took this traditional wind instrument to international fame.
Kathak Dance – The city has been a center for Kathak, one of the eight classical dance forms of India, known for its intricate footwork and storytelling.
Apart from music and dance, Varanasi is also famous for its rich literary heritage, with many poets like Kabir, Tulsidas, and Jaishankar Prasad leaving their mark on the city’s history.
Banarasi Sarees and Handicrafts
Varanasi is world-famous for its Banarasi silk sarees, which are known for their intricate gold and silver brocade (zari) work. These sarees are a must-have for Indian weddings and festivals.
In addition to sarees, Varanasi is also known for:
Wooden toys and handicrafts – Beautifully handcrafted wooden toys, idols, and decorative items.
Brassware and copperware – Exquisite metal crafts, including puja utensils, lamps, and statues.
Gulabi Meenakari – A unique enamel art form used in jewelry and decorative pieces.
These handicrafts reflect the city’s rich artistic traditions and are in high demand worldwide.
The Food of Varanasi
The culinary delights of Varanasi are just as famous as its temples and ghats. The city offers a mix of traditional sweets, street food, and unique beverages. Some must-try foods include:
Kachori Sabzi – A crispy deep-fried snack served with spicy potato curry, commonly eaten for breakfast.
Tamatar Chaat – A special spicy and tangy chaat made with mashed tomatoes, boiled potatoes, and exotic spices.
Baati Chokha – A rustic dish made of wheat dumplings (baati) served with mashed spiced brinjal (chokha).
Malaiyo – A winter specialty, this creamy, saffron-infused milk froth melts in the mouth.
Rabri Jalebi – A combination of thickened sweet milk (rabri) with crispy sugar-coated spirals (jalebi).
Banarasi Paan – No visit to Varanasi is complete without trying the famous betel leaf preparation, which is a cultural tradition in itself.
Shopping in Varanasi: What to Buy?
A trip to Varanasi is incomplete without exploring its bustling markets filled with traditional items and handicrafts. Some must-buy souvenirs include:
Banarasi Silk Sarees
World-famous for their intricate zari work, these sarees are a symbol of elegance and tradition.
Rudraksha Beads & Spiritual Items
Devotional beads, idols, and puja essentials are widely available.
Handcrafted utensils, lamps, and decorative items made of brass and copper.
Handcrafted utensils, lamps, and decorative items made of brass and copper.
Boat Rides on the Ganges
A boat ride along the Ganga River offers a breathtaking view of Varanasi’s ghats and temples. These rides are especially popular during sunrise and sunset.
Sunrise Boat Ride – Witness the city waking up with the first rays of the sun, reflecting on the river. This is the best time to see devotees performing morning prayers and rituals.
Evening Boat Ride – Enjoy the illuminated ghats during the Ganga Aarti, offering a magical and serene experience.
Sunrise Boat Ride – Witness the city waking up with the first rays of the sun, reflecting on the river. This is the best time to see devotees performing morning prayers and rituals.
Evening Boat Ride – Enjoy the illuminated ghats during the Ganga Aarti, offering a magical and serene experience.
Yoga and Meditation in Varanasi
Varanasi is a center for spiritual awakening, making it an ideal place to practice yoga and meditation. Many ashrams and yoga centers offer classes for beginners and advanced practitioners.
Some well-known places for yoga and meditation include:
Assi Ghat – A popular spot for sunrise yoga sessions.
Sarnath – A peaceful Buddhist site ideal for deep meditation.
BHU Yoga Center – Offers structured yoga programs guided by experienced instructors.
Best Time to Visit Varanasi
Varanasi can be visited throughout the year, but the best time is October to March when the weather is pleasant.
Summer (April – June) – Very hot, with temperatures reaching 45°C. It’s not ideal for exploring during the day.
Monsoon (July – September) – The ghats may get flooded, but the city looks lush and beautiful.
Winter (October – March) – The most comfortable season, with temperatures between 5°C and 20°C. Ideal for sightseeing, festivals, and outdoor activities.
